| | | LaTeX macros for mathematics |
A practical use for LaTeX macros is to simplify the typing of
mathematical formulas. Suppose that you need to type
many times. You might make a definition like
\newcommand{\gijk}{\Gamma^{ij}_k} and then type
\gijk each time you want to use this symbol (inside
mathematics mode).
It is a common error to forget to open or close mathematics mode,
so LaTeX provides a crutch in the form of the \ensuremath
command. If you modify the above macro definition to
\newcommand{\gijk}{\ensuremath{\Gamma^{ij}_k}}
then LaTeX will interpret \gijk
outside of mathematics mode as if it were \(\gijk\) (and
LaTeX will still do the right thing when you use \gijk
inside mathematics mode). This should save you from a few error
messages in the future!
Next suppose that you want to typeset the symbol with different indices, say r, s, and t. You could make a new definition
\newcommand{\grst}{\Gamma^{rs}_t}
but if you are going to be using many different subscripts and superscripts, then it gets tedious to define a new control sequence for each set of indices. What you need is a macro with replaceable parameters.
If you type
\newcommand{\christoffel}[3]{\ensuremath{\Gamma^{#1#2}_{#3}}}
then LaTeX treats \christoffel as a command that
expects three arguments (the [3] tells the number of
arguments). LaTeX knows to fill in the first argument where it
sees #1, the second argument where it sees #2, and
so on (you can have up to nine arguments). In this example, the
first two arguments are set as superscripts to the capital Gamma,
and the third argument is set as a subscript. Thus,
\christoffel{i}{j}{k} gives
and
\christoffel{gig}{em}{aggies} gives
.
What happens if you type
\christoffel{gig}{em}aggies by mistake?
A fancier possibility is a macro whose first argument is optional. Suppose you are going to use lots of Christoffel symbols, but the first superscript is usually going to be i. Then you could type
\newcommand{\christoffel}[3][i]{\ensuremath{\Gamma^{#1#2}_{#3}}}.
This tells LaTeX that the first of the three arguments defaults
to i if it is not specified. So now the command
\christoffel{j}{k}
yields
,
while the command
\christoffel[gig]{em}{aggies} yields
.
The Math 696 course
pages were last modified April 5, 2005. | | | LaTeX macros for mathematics |