Second Class (Wednesday 6 September 1995)

  • Goals to accomplish during class
  • Homework for after class
  • Activities to do during class
  • Goals to accomplish during class

    1. Be able to set up automatic forwarding of mail.
    2. Be able to read network news.
    3. Change your password.
    4. Be able to use Maple functions, expressions, and equations.
    5. Be able to do simple equation formatting in LaTeX, including alignments, automatic equation numbering, and symbolic referencing of equations.

    Homework for after class

    Of course, you may start on the homework during class if you have time!

    1. You previously sent me a list of your hobbies. Find a newsgroup related to one of your hobbies, and forward me a copy of an interesting article from that newsgroup.
    2. Work through Chapters 3 and 4 of the CalcLabs with Maple V manual, in preparation for next class.
    3. Revision: we will do this item in class next time. In class, you will have determined a certain third degree polynomial p. A little experimentation with Maple will convince you that p(n) is always an integer when n is an integer. Find a proof of this fact, write in LaTeX an explanation suitable for high school students, and turn in hard copy at the next class. (In this connection, you might want to look up the Maple command mod in the Maple help browser.)
    4. Revision: We ran out of time during class. So finish the assigned classwork as part of your homework instead of doing the third item above.

    Activities to do during class

    Mail forwarding

    You probably have accounts on more than one computer. If you are a graduate student in the Mathematics Department, you have accounts on both the calclab machines and on the main mathematics server. If you are a student in another department, you may have an account on tam2000 as well as on the calclab machines.

    You might like to arrange for all your mail to be forwarded automatically to the account you check most often. Or you might like to keep a copy of each incoming mail message in the account to which it is addressed, and also forward a copy to the account you use most often. My howto on mail forwarding explains the procedure to accomplish this.

    Network news

    There are a large number of newsgroups on line, where you can find discussion and information about everything from AA to Zappa; from K-12 math education to the Intel Pentium chip. One of the best ways to find out something about computers (and other topics) is to ask someone who knows; newsgroups facilitate this interchange.

    The simplest interface to newsgroups is the Web browser Netscape. It has a "Newsgroups" button on the lower row of buttons near the top of the screen. Click that button to see the list of newsgroups to which you are subscribed. (If you have never read news before, Netscape probably lists a few groups suitable for new users.) The screen is fairly intuitive; you should be able to figure out how to get a listing of all available newsgroups (several thousands!). Take a look at the group tamu.classes.math689. If you subscribe to some groups, Netscape will save your selections for future reference in a file named .newsrc in your home directory.

    It is generally advisable not to post messages to a high volume newsgroup until you have been reading it for a month or so. Before posting, be sure to read the group's FAQ (list of Frequently Asked Questions), which usually appears monthly. You can learn about net etiquette in news.announce.newusers.

    There is a Web site that enables you to search news groups for information.

    In addition to newsgroups, there are other news sources on line. For example, there is a list of Online Newspaper Services. Even Time Magazine is on line; you can find it with many other magazines at Pathfinder (you have to register, but the service is currently free).

    Passwords

    Sometime today---don't everybody do it at once---you should change your password. Your initial password was generated by a simple algorithm, and anybody who can find out your student ID number can figure out your initial password.

    You should choose a new password that is easy for you to remember, but that is hard for another person (or a computer program) to guess. Therefore, your password should not be a word and should not be closely related to a word. For example, calculu2 and suluclac are bad passwords.

    A good password should normally be eight characters long and should contain both letters and numbers. On UNIX systems, upper-case letters are distinguished from lower-case letters. Some examples of good passwords:

    Whntfb4i
    This comes from taking the initial letters of the sentence "We have nothing to fear but fear itself" and changing one letter to a digit.
    Srajtt36
    This is the initials of the members of my brother's family followed by the last two digits of their zip code.
    MArjp72x
    My sister's Massachusetts license plate.

    On the calclab machines, there is a utility program to help you change your password. Click the mouse on the background to bring up the root menu, click on Utilities, and click on Change Password. Then follow the prompts. You will be asked to enter your current password first, and then enter your new password twice (to guard against typing errors).

    Note to experienced users: there is a UNIX passwd command that can be used at the command prompt in a terminal window to change passwords. You probably do not want to use this command, because you could end up with different passwords on the different calclab machines (calclab1, calclab2, calclab3).

    Maple functions, expressions, and equations

    1. Work through chapter 2 of the CalcLabs with Maple V manual.
    2. Use what you learned about Maple functions, expressions, and equations to solve the following problem: Find a third-degree polynomial whose values at the positive integers generate the sequence 2, 3, 5, 9, ....

      In other words, find p(n) of the form a*n^3+b*n^2+c*n+d such that p(1)=2, p(2)=3, p(3)=5, p(4)=9. You can do this by setting up four simultaneous linear equations in the four unknowns a, b, c, d and using Maple's solve function; then you can use Maple to substitute the values of a, b, c, d back into p.

    3. Look in Maple's help browser for commands related to interpolation. See if you can find a single simple Maple command that will solve the above problem in one step.
    4. Go back and edit your Maple worksheet to clean up the presentation. Put in some sentences of explanation. (From the Edit menu, you can click on Insert Text to put in textual comments before or after Maple commands.) In particular, put your name at the top of your worksheet.
    5. Print your worksheet and turn it in during class. (From the File menu, click on Print, click on the Printer Command button, and click OK.)

    Formatting LaTeX equations

    In your previous LaTeX exercise, you learned how to process a simple file with LaTeX. You may not have seen any advantage in using LaTeX rather than the word processor you are used to. (If you have some typesetting experience, however, you may have noticed how nicely LaTeX justifies lines and how clever it is about hyphenating words.)

    It is in the formatting of mathematical equations that LaTeX really shines. Indeed, the program TeX that underlies LaTeX was created by Donald E. Knuth (a mathematician and computer scientist) with the needs of mathematicians in mind. Your LaTeX exercise for today is to learn the basics of rendering equations in LaTeX.

    Your assignment is to write (in LaTeX) an explanation, suitable for high school students, about the method of completing the square. Include at least one displayed, numbered equation, and at least one reference to a numbered equation (the reference number generated automatically by LaTeX's \ref command). Turn in hard copy by the end of class today.

    To get you started, I have written some instructions about basic equation formatting in LaTeX.

    By the way, what reasons can you think of for teaching the topic of completing the square, when Maple can do it automatically? (To avoid embarrassing mistakes, you may want to use Maple to check the examples you put in your paper.)

    You are going to observe an unfamiliar feature of LaTeX in this exercise. The first time you executed the command latex filename in a terminal window, you got a message "No file filename.aux", although you may not have noticed at the time. In this exercise, you are going to get a warning message about undefined references. This is because LaTeX acts as a multi-pass compiler: the first time through a file, LaTeX takes note of symbolic cross references and writes them into an auxiliary filename.aux file; the second time through LaTeX inserts the cross references.

    Therefore, we need to revise the procedure for using LaTeX by adding an extra step. We now know that the procedure is the following:

    1. Use a text editor to edit your LaTeX input file. Save the file as filename.tex.
    2. In a terminal window, execute the command latex filename.
    3. If LaTeX halts with an error message and a question mark prompt, type h for some (probably cryptic) help, or x to exit from the processing. Return to step 1 and correct your input file.
    4. If LaTeX successfully processes your file, but complains about undefined references or otherwise warns you to run LaTeX again, then repeat step 2.
    5. To preview on the screen, execute the command xdvi filename & in a terminal window. There are buttons on the previewer that let you change the screen magnification (with no effect on the printed output). If you see that some revisions are needed, go back to step 1 to edit your input file.
    6. To get hard copy on paper, first execute the command dvips filename in a terminal window to create a PostScript file. Then send this file to the printer with the command lpr filename.ps (and remember that in this final step, the extension .ps is required). Pick up your output in the ACC, room 133 Blocker.

    Finished?

    If you have done all the above activities, and there is still time left, here are some other activities you can do.


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